A substitution cipher uses a fixed rule for which letters get substituted for other letters, e.g.
the Caesar cipher
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z A B C
so for example "THEBRITONSAREREVOLTING" has the ciphertext "WKHCULWRQVDUHUHYROWLQJ".
This particular cipher is also known as a shift cipher (where each letter gets shifted by a fixed number of letters).
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